Control Flow: Loops in C++

Introduction

Loops in C++ enable developers to execute a block of code repeatedly, based on a condition. Understanding loops is crucial for tasks that require repetitive execution, such as iterating through arrays or generating repetitive output.

The for Loop

The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known. It consists of an initializer, a condition, and an iterator.

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

The while Loop

The while loop continues to execute a block of code as long as a specific condition is true.

int i = 0;
while(i < 5) {
    std::cout << i << std::endl;
    i++;
}

The do-while Loop

Similar to the while loop, the do-while loop executes the code block at least once before checking the condition.

int i = 0;
do {
    std::cout << i << std::endl;
    i++;
} while(i < 5);

Nested Loops

Loops can be nested within one another, allowing for more complex iterative processes.

for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    for(int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
        std::cout << "i: " << i << ", j: " << j << std::endl;
    }
}

Loop Control Statements

• break: Used to exit the loop prematurely when a certain condition is met.
• continue: Skips the remainder of the loop’s body and proceeds to the next iteration.

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if(i == 5) {
        break;
    }
    std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

Conclusion

Loops are fundamental in crafting efficient and readable C++ programs, enabling developers to perform repetitive tasks without redundant code. By understanding and effectively implementing various loops and loop control statements, developers can create programs that handle iterative tasks and repetitive processes with finesse and control.

Additional Resources

• Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++
• C++ Primer