Basic Input and Output in C
By Swann
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Introduction
Effective input and output (I/O) handling is crucial in C programming to interact with users, gather data, and display results. The standard I/O functions - printf for output and scanf for input - are vital tools that every C programmer utilizes to facilitate interaction between the program and the outside world.
Output: The printf Function
Syntax
printf("Format String", Argument List);
Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
Format Specifiers
%dor%i: Integer%f: Float%c: Character%s: String
Input: The scanf Function
Syntax
scanf("Format String", Address List);
Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
int age;
printf("Enter your age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);
printf("You are %d years old.\n", age);
return 0;
}
Handling Multiple Inputs
int age, year;
printf("Enter your age and birth year: ");
scanf("%d %d", &age, &year);
Handling Strings: gets and puts
gets: To read a string from the user.puts: To display a string.
char name[30];
gets(name);
puts(name);
Conclusion
Understanding basic I/O functions in C, such as printf and scanf, is pivotal in developing interactive applications. As you explore further, you'll encounter more advanced I/O functions and techniques, but these foundational functions will remain a staple in your C programming endeavors, aiding in user interaction, data collection, and information display.